Everything about Illuminating Gas totally explained
Illuminating gas was a synthetic mixture of
hydrogen and
hydrocarbon gases produced by
destructive distillation (
pyrolysis) of
bituminous coal or
peat. It was used for
gas lighting, as it produces a much brighter light than
natural gas or
water gas. Although also sometimes called
coal gas, it shouldn't be confused with
water gas or
syngas, which are made from
anthracite coal or
coke plus
water, and chemically quite different. Illuminating gas was much less toxic than these other forms of coal gas, but less could be produced from a given quantity of coal.
Illuminating gas consists mainly of
methane,
ethylene and
hydrogen. The experiments with distilling coal were described by John Clayton in
1684. George Dixon's pilot plant exploded in
1760, setting back the production of illuminating gas a few years. The first commercial application was in a
Manchester cotton mill in
1806. In
1901, studies of the
defoliant effect of leaking gas pipes led to the discovery that ethylene is a
plant hormone.
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